Inspired by the mussel sticky protein, polydopamine (PDA) has attracted wide attention due to its extremely strong adhesion ability, unique biocompatibility and hydrophilicity, which can be conformally coated on almost all materials. In addition, due to its excellent carbon production rate and excellent structural control capabilities under inert gas, PDA is also used as the source of carbon nanomaterials, its derived carbon materials are used in front-edge fields such as flexible electronics, energy storage. In this paper, polydopamine was carbonized at 800℃ and explores the structure of PDA after carbonized. It is found it forms a structure of nitrogen doped graphene.

Dongyang Wang, Qiang Wang. Nitrogen-doped graphene prepared by high-temperature carbonization of polydopamine film. Academic Journal of Materials & Chemistry (2023) Vol. 4, Issue 2: 38-44. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJMC.2023.040207.

[1] L. Klosterman, J. K. Riley, C. J. Bettinger, Control of heterogeneous nucleation and growth kinetics of dopamine-melanin by altering substrate chemistry, Langmuir. (2015), 37, 3451-3458.

[2] X. Huang, W. Rao, Y. Chen, W. Ding, H. Zhu, M. Yu, J. Chen, Q. Zhang. Infrared emitting properties and environmental stability performance of aluminum/polymer composite coating, Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Electronics, (2016), 27, 5543-5548.

[3] L. Klosterman, J. K. Riley, C. J. Bettinger, Control of heterogeneous nucleation and growth kinetics of dopamine-melanin by altering substrate chemistry, Langmuir. 2015, 37, 3451-3458.

[4] H. C. Yang, Q. Y. Wu L. S. Wan, Z. K. Xu, Polydopamine gradients by oxygen diffusion controlled autoxidation, Chemical Communications. (2013), 49, 10522-10524.

[5] Hao J T, Shu D, Guo S T, et al. Preparation of Three-dimensional Nitrogen-doped Graphene Layers by Gas Foaming Method and Its Electrochemical Capactive Behavior. Electrochim Acta, (2016), 193: 293-301.

[6] Rao C N R, Gopalakrishnan K, Govindaraj A. Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Graphene Doped with Boron, Nitrogen and Other Elements. Nano Today, (2014), 9(3): 324-343. 

[7] Sui Y P, Zhu B, Zhang H R, et al. Temperature-dependent Nitrogen Configuration of N-Doped Graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition. Carbon, (2015), 81(1): 814-820. 

[8] Bao J F, Kishi N, Soga T. Synthesis of Nitrogen-doped Graphene by the Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Method from a Single Liquid Precursor. Mater Lett, (2014), 117(1): 199-203. 

[9] Kano E, Kalita G, Shinde S M, et al. Grain Structures of Nitrogen-doped Graphene Synthesized by Solid Source-based Chemical Vapor Deposition. Carbon, (2016), 96: 448-453. 

[10] Deng D H, Pan X L, Yu L, et al. Toward N-Doped Graphene via Solvothermal Synthesis. Chem Mater, (2011), 23(5): 1188-1193. 

[11] Jeony H M, Lee J W, Shin W H, et al. Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for High-Performance Ultracapacitors and the Importance of Nitrogen-Doped Sites at Basal Planes. Nano Lett, (2011), 11(6): 2472-2477.

[12] Li N, Wang Z Y, Zhao K K, et al. Large Scale Synthesis of N-Doped Multi-layered Graphene Sheets by Simple Arc-discharge Method. Carbon, (2010), 48(1): 25-259. 

[13] Sari F N I, Lin H M, Ting J M, et al. Surface Modified Catalytically Grown Carbon Nanofibers/ MnO2 Composites for Use in Supercapacitor. Thin Solid Films, 2016, 620: 54-63. 

[14] Zheng B J, Chen Y F, Li P J, et al. Ultrafast Ammonia-driven, Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen-doped Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Optical Properties. J Nanophoton, (2016), 6(1): 259-267.

[15] H. Lee, S. M. Dellatore, W. M. Miller, P. B. Messersmith, Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings, Science. (2007), 31& 426-430.

[16] F. Bemsmann, A. Ponche, C. Ringwald, J. Hemmerle, J. Raya, B. Bechinger, J. C. Voegel, P. Schaaf, V. Ball, Characterization of dopamine-melanin growth on silicon oxide, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, (2009),113. 8234-8242.

[17] Li S H, Yang S Y, Wang Y S, et al. N-Doped Structures and Surface Functional Groups of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Effect on the Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitor with Organic Electrolyte. J Power Sources, (2015), 278(4): 218-229. 

[18] Tian G Y, Liu L, Meng Q G, et al. Facile Synthesis of Laminated Graphene for Advanced Supercapacitor Electrode Material via Simultaneous Reduction and N-Doping. J Power Sources, (2015), 274: 851-861. 

[19] Wang D W, Min Y G, Yu Y H, et al. A General Approach for Fabrication of Nitrogen-doped Graphene Sheets and Its Application in Supercapacitors. Science, (2014), 417(3): 270-277. 

[20] Yang Y C, Shi W, Zhang R H, et al. Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite into Nitrogen-doped Graphene in Glycine Solution and Its Energy Storage Properties. Electrochim Acta, (2016), 204: 100-107. 

[21] Liu J, Wang Z H, Zhu J F. Binder-free Nitrogen-doped Carbon Paper Electrodes Derived from Polypyrrole/Cellulose Composite for Li-O2 Batteries. J Power Sources, (2016), 306: 559-566.

[22] Zhao M. X.; Li J.; Gao X. Eliminating diffusion limitations at the solid–liquid interface for rapid polymer deposition. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering (2017), 3 (5), 782–786.

[23] Awasthi A. K.; Gupta S.; Thakur J.; Gupta S.; Pal S.; Bajaj A.; Srivastava A. Polydopamine-on-liposomes: Stable nanoformulations, uniform coatings and superior antifouling performance. Nanoscale (2020), 12 (8), 5021–5030.

[24] Kang S. M.; Ryou M.-H.; Choi J. W.; Lee H. Mussel- and diatom-inspired silica coating on separators yields improved power and safety in Li-Ion Batteries. Chemistry of Materials (2012), 24 (17), 3481–3485.

[25] Liu R.; Mahurin S. M.; Li C.; Unocic R. R.; Idrobo J. C.; Gao H.; Pennycook S. J.; Dai S. Dopamine as a carbon source: The controlled synthesis of hollow carbon spheres and yolk-structured carbon nanocomposites. Angewandte Chemie (2011), 123 (30), 6931–6934.