This study investigated changes in the triglyceride glucose - body mass index (TyG-BMI) in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID) and its relationship with cognitive function, while evaluating its predictive value and pathway. A total of 91 CID patients and 60 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, with assessments including sleep quality (PSQI, STOP-Bang), cognitive function (MoCA), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides (TG). Compared with HCs, the CID group exhibited significantly higher BMI, PSQI scores, TG, FPG, and TyG-BMI, alongside lower MoCA scores (all P < 0.05). Partial correlation analysis revealed that TyG-BMI was positively correlated with PSQI in the CID group (r = 0.360, P < 0.005), while in the total sample, TyG-BMI was negatively correlated with MoCA (r = -0.430, P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve of TyG-BMI for predicting CID (0.870) and cognitive dysfunction (0.753) were superior to the TyG index (0.801 and 0.685, respectively). Mediation analysis did not support a mediating role of TyG-BMI between insomnia and cognition (95% CI included 0), whereas moderation analysis indicated that the product term of PSQI and TyG-BMI significantly influenced MoCA scores (B = 0.003, P < 0.05), with the interaction plot showing the flattest slope in the high TyG-BMI group and the steepest in the low TyG-BMI group. Collectively, these findings suggest that TyG-BMI is significantly associated with both chronic insomnia and cognitive function, demonstrating favorable predictive utility, and its moderating role between insomnia and cognition highlights its potential as a novel biomarker for personalized management of insomnia-related cognitive impairment.

Aixi Su, Qingyu Yang, Fang Gao, Panpan Jin, Miao Li. Changes in the TyG-BMI Index and Its Correlation with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Chronic Insomnia Disorder. International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine (2026), Vol. 8, Issue 2: 90-97. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFM.2026.080211.

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